Difference between revisions of "Aaron Joseph"

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Our task now (which is the most interesting part) was to find links and parallels to any myth and use synthetic biology to fill the gap! I find that highly fascinating. SO we went through a few myths and as soon as we landed on Shiva’s third eye, there was a full stop. Shiva’s third eye is the destroyer, when he opens it; disaster is all over the place. So the last you want to do it tick him off. We took that in a metaphorical sense and thought about what if that third eye was a way for us to see when our real eyes are shut? So what if I had bacteria that could communicate with thoughts through neuron activity and when I’m wired up to a projector, it displays my thought in 3D space. Then communication would be in its most pure form since there is a lot of loss when converting thought to word or deed. Then what if I wired up to another person and started communicating with thought! Or if I left messages for someone on a platform and they could later wire up and receive it. But as usual there’s always a ‘BUT’, and the first one here is privacy. Privacy is by far the most delicate issue here. SO we kept this on hold for the time being and instead of looking at parts of a myth we moved away and looked at the Big Picture.
 
Our task now (which is the most interesting part) was to find links and parallels to any myth and use synthetic biology to fill the gap! I find that highly fascinating. SO we went through a few myths and as soon as we landed on Shiva’s third eye, there was a full stop. Shiva’s third eye is the destroyer, when he opens it; disaster is all over the place. So the last you want to do it tick him off. We took that in a metaphorical sense and thought about what if that third eye was a way for us to see when our real eyes are shut? So what if I had bacteria that could communicate with thoughts through neuron activity and when I’m wired up to a projector, it displays my thought in 3D space. Then communication would be in its most pure form since there is a lot of loss when converting thought to word or deed. Then what if I wired up to another person and started communicating with thought! Or if I left messages for someone on a platform and they could later wire up and receive it. But as usual there’s always a ‘BUT’, and the first one here is privacy. Privacy is by far the most delicate issue here. SO we kept this on hold for the time being and instead of looking at parts of a myth we moved away and looked at the Big Picture.
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The Holy Trinity – Brahma, the creator, Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the destroyer. These are the first and foremost gods that rule the heavens, earth and hell. As you’re reading this don’t those three words –creator, preserver and destroyer burst out of your imagination and find its way to synthetic biology? Well, that’s exactly what happened to us. So here’s our idea.
 
The Holy Trinity – Brahma, the creator, Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the destroyer. These are the first and foremost gods that rule the heavens, earth and hell. As you’re reading this don’t those three words –creator, preserver and destroyer burst out of your imagination and find its way to synthetic biology? Well, that’s exactly what happened to us. So here’s our idea.
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[[File:Collages2.jpg|400px|Left|]]
  
 
In a over populated culture of bacteria. There is ‘imbalance’ since there more bacteria to eat than the nutrition available. So the ‘gods’ are summoned! The VISH-gene bacteria (the preserver) now gets into action by producing a chemical to which ONLY the SHIV-gene bacteria (the destroyer) can read. This then activates the SHIV-gene bacteria to in turn produce a chemical which start disrupting the bacterial cells in the colony. The ‘gods’ bacteria are of course resistant to this chemical. The SHIV-gene bacteria once activated has no control over killing the other cells. So once he has destroyed ample number of cells, he needs to be stopped, which ONLY the BRAHM-gene can do. So now the VISH-gene bacteria produces another chemical which ONLY the BRAHM-gene bacteria can read and this in turn activates the BRAHM-gene bacteria to produce a chemical to deactivate the SHIV-gene bacteria. Now there’s been too many bacteria killed so after a while of reproduction the optimum level is reached and ‘balance’ is restored. The subjects are happy and so are the gods. Soon after reproduction hastens up and there is over population again so the whole process is initiated making it a loop.  
 
In a over populated culture of bacteria. There is ‘imbalance’ since there more bacteria to eat than the nutrition available. So the ‘gods’ are summoned! The VISH-gene bacteria (the preserver) now gets into action by producing a chemical to which ONLY the SHIV-gene bacteria (the destroyer) can read. This then activates the SHIV-gene bacteria to in turn produce a chemical which start disrupting the bacterial cells in the colony. The ‘gods’ bacteria are of course resistant to this chemical. The SHIV-gene bacteria once activated has no control over killing the other cells. So once he has destroyed ample number of cells, he needs to be stopped, which ONLY the BRAHM-gene can do. So now the VISH-gene bacteria produces another chemical which ONLY the BRAHM-gene bacteria can read and this in turn activates the BRAHM-gene bacteria to produce a chemical to deactivate the SHIV-gene bacteria. Now there’s been too many bacteria killed so after a while of reproduction the optimum level is reached and ‘balance’ is restored. The subjects are happy and so are the gods. Soon after reproduction hastens up and there is over population again so the whole process is initiated making it a loop.  
 +
 +
[[File:Main 1.JPG|400px|Right|]]
  
 
BRAHM-gene bacteria are identified with the presence of the BRAHM-gene. When the BBRAHM- gene replicates it does not transfer it’s genetic material completely, instead it retains one part of the gene, so the other bacteria now is the VISH-gene bacteria. When the BRAHM-gene bacteria replicates for the second time it does not transfer the BRAHM-gene at all making the new organism the SHIV-gene.  
 
BRAHM-gene bacteria are identified with the presence of the BRAHM-gene. When the BBRAHM- gene replicates it does not transfer it’s genetic material completely, instead it retains one part of the gene, so the other bacteria now is the VISH-gene bacteria. When the BRAHM-gene bacteria replicates for the second time it does not transfer the BRAHM-gene at all making the new organism the SHIV-gene.  
  
 
We’d like to think that this mythological concept, besides being fascinating will definitely find its way to a good purpose in the world of Synthetic Biology. So wait up until then.
 
We’d like to think that this mythological concept, besides being fascinating will definitely find its way to a good purpose in the world of Synthetic Biology. So wait up until then.

Revision as of 09:03, 23 June 2010

MG 51381.jpg


Day One 10th May 2010

It starts now! I’ve been waiting to work on this competition for a few months now. Somehow while writing this; I feel the excitement has just increased two folds after today’s session. Today we got introduced to the term ‘Biology’ by defining it in our own ways and not the way a science text book would. That’s quite interesting to me since I’ve known only one definition which I was expected to learn word to word. The first half of the day took us through a quick milestone check in the history of Biology. So we skimmed from the greatest discoverers of this subject, including Antoine von Leeuwenhoek, Charles Darwin, Robert Hooke, Louis Pasteur, Gregor Mendel, Hans Loncke, John Baptiste Van Helmont, Joseph Jackson Lister, Theodore Schwann, Rosalyn Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick. All this that took place over a few hundred years we got done with it in a few hours!

Moving on to the more important parts, I read through a few documents on how synthetic biology is shaping the world now. How some of the most breakthrough discoveries are based on synthetic biology. From resurrecting a mammoth to engineering a man V2.0!. It gave me a good insight on the positive and scary sides of this kind of biology.

We also watched videos of today’s pioneers in this field of study and how they look at this subject, keeping in mind all the possible factors that come into play when synthetic biology needs to show progress. Estimations and foresights of cost and availability were part of the whole presentation.

I went back home with a smile on my face, because personally, 5 years ago I would never have imagined that we could reach this kind of progress in such little time, right after I got done with a fully fledged course in microbiology. I’m as fascinated as I was back then with this subject and now it’s gotten even better.



Day Two 11th May 2010

Recap of yesterday to keep us on track.

Today required me to be more sharp at remembering technical terms so I could familiarize myself with the different names involved in Genetic study. Since we will be working very closely with DNA and Genes, we sat tight and watched a few lectures on Genetics which took us through all the necessary jargons that we need to get accustomed with. Individual parts of a cell and how they contribute to the mechanism of keeping the cell to survive; these parts included the DNA, Genes, expression of genes, phenotypes, alleles, cloning and a few more. Mendel, the monk who put together the first jigsaw pieces had quite an impact on us, since we were browsing through all his work online as well as through available media. One of most important part was how we eventually came to learn about the Human Genome and the number of chromosomes in a human being. Also how a distinguishing chromosome makes a male or a female.

I learnt an interesting way of understanding how to look at a Nucleus. If we were to think a Genome as a Library, then the chromosome would act as the volumes in that library and the Gene would be the Chapters in each volume. I find that very simple to understand and really wish my faculty could put it across that way!

Moving on to synthetic biology I did a few readings on ‘How to kill synthetic biology’. This reading was a practical approach on how in many ways, many people think that this kind of a science could only end up spurring the ultimate fear which is WAR. So obviously enough people are trying to cut out supply or even make it highly cost inefficient. Another huge risk is the fact that companies are patenting any and every gene they isolate. Makes me come to think of a time when if I own a gene to rice then we’ll have to go back to the Barter system - I’ll give you rice, you give me corn!

Andrew Hessels - Introduction to Synthetic Biology. This video has surely shown me a hundred new doors for my mind to walk through. The ultimate fusion of computing technology, with a living organism by using programmable language, to control a living system. Come to look at it, there’s almost no difference between the functionality of a computer program and the commands in an organism. When I contemplate on the endless possibilities of this kind of progress, I usually end up logging back into facebook, just to distract myself. The result is always the same; we will inevitably end up in chaos, at least as far as I can think. Anyway keeping this topic at bay for the moment I enjoyed being exposed to the latest in synthetic biology.



Day Three 12th May 2010

Today’s class seemed a little boring to start with but it got interesting eventually as soon as David Sadava mentioned MUTATION and its permanent damages to a cell. Requirements of a DNA made things easy to understand when I asked myself why the big fuss about DNA? Once you get into the roller coaster of a DNA then you simply can’t leave out RNA and Proteins. Further on in the lecture I liked the way a Virus found its way into our learning. We’re always in awe of bacteria but when a virus makes an entry there’s simply no competition.

A statement that really got me thinking is when Watson said ‘The essence to life is Information’. I think that’s so simply put. Most of the time I keep asking myself - What is life? And that’s followed by a series of never ending answers which are mostly different perspectives. But nonetheless I found a new perspective to that question today and I think it’s going to stay for a while.



Day Four 13th May 2010

Spider web is stronger than steel! Now that’s something interesting. Look at the number of ways we can use that strength if only we can convert it something more malleable. It’s fascinating to know such small wonders in nature can be much mightier than what we are keep boasting about. I had a nice recap of many facts about human genetic information like we can only synthesize 12 out of the 20 amino acids that our bodies need. Something tells me that nature is not only smart but also plays a few games!

DNA replication – one of the most important processes that man has ever deciphered. The replication of the fundamental unit of LIFE. And all glory goes to the protein first at the job – POLYMERASE. I’m sure he’s sucking up some glory right now because there are more than a million cells dividing right now as I write this! Metabolism and thermodynamics were also important parts of today’s class and considering they are quite important topics I’m going to have to do more research on it. I also learnt the deadly effects of RICIN today and did have a few evil thoughts but otherwise there’s always so much to learn about our environment.

Today had a whole lot of jargons that I could easily recognize but the look on my friend’s faces was priceless. Promoter, Codons, Hormones and Transcription were some of them. Although after a quick animated video everything was back to sanity. We went over Nirenberg’s Experiment and other mutational effects in a cell which was quite exciting because as soon as I hear mutation I think of X-Men and the endless possibilities that we can explore.

Tomorrow we extract DNA! A simple Do-it-yourself technique that can be done anywhere, even at home. All we need is some dish washing liquid, salt and laboratory alcohol. So tomorrow’s going to be a thriller because someone’s DNA is going to be floating everywhere.


Day Five 14th May 2010

DNA extraction did not happen today. No alcohol, no salt. One we couldn’t find the other no one remembered to bring! Moving along, Genomes was an extended discussion today. Apart from that we went over mutations in further detail by using mutagens to understand it. Cancer quickly found its way into the discussion. Talking about genetic damage was inevitable. All this had to lead to sequencing of the Human Genome. I now know how to sequence my entire genome and look at all the commands that make me who I am. Sequential Genomics is something new I learned. Laying out an entire genome out there makes no sense until you know how to sequence it. I was really amazed that out of the 3.2 million base pairs that we own, only 2% of it codes for the most important element in our bodies – Protein.

Why do humans have only 24,000 genes? I think it’s a good question because it brought up some highly weird explanations in our class. I looked at Synthetic Biology very differently today. I always thought it was always about synthesizing a living organism. Now although this new definition may not b very different I still think it defines it much better. Synthetic Biology is making artificial genes to bring about a desired change in a living system.

We learnt about the process that’s making all the news ever since Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer decided to put their inquisitiveness to an experiment – Recombinant DNA (rDNA). Cutting one DNA an infusing it into another that DOES NOT happen in nature can only be thought of by MAN! Well as strongly negative as it may sound, it’s been doing a whole of good to humanity.

Tomorrow we extract DNA.



Day Six 17th May 2010


Science has always fascinated me. In fact I personally feel that there’s no need to categorize the anything into science. Simply because everything that exists or doesn’t around you is part of science. Every single person has always wanted to know and explore his environment in some way or another. Maybe eventually he chooses to do what interests him more but science is always a part of everyone.

I learnt of isolation of genes. I don’t think it gets any better than this. Extracting the most highly simple pairs of compounds that are yet the source of all complexity on this planet. A good thing about this extraction is that it’s used for ‘gene therapy’. That means now we can help people live a normal life that they probably couldn’t, having a genetic disorder. Here’s where I also saw the high relativity of how a living system functions just like a programmed execution of a machine. The resemblance is striking. And needless to say now we can put the two together and create magic!

Our new exercise today was something I have been looking forward to for a while now. It’s the cool part of this whole competition. I have to create my own organism and design it fully! Now that’s talking like a designer. Here’s where all my technical and abstract thoughts are going to find one place to play. I can give this organism any feature or function I want to. It belongs to my jurisdiction. Sadism apart, I’m going to make some thoughts work in a positive way and let’s see what happens.

Extraction of DNA did not happen. Tomorrow we extract DNA!


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Day Seven 18th May 2010


Today I’ve not been so happy watching two movies back to back. We finished the BBC series on The Cell. It was amazing. The whole journey of how man has reached this point in science makes come to think of how far we are going to get and will we ever stop. Everything said and done about man being the dominant species at this time and eventually he will succumb to the next step in evolution, well the difference here is that he is completely aware of this step and to a very far extent is in control of it.

We have come a very long way and the numbers of combinations that have been tried to get better are only half way done! I’m not a Human being biased person but I think man is by far the most highly evolved living organism and all credits to nature but on the other hand I sometimes feel nature maybe regretting this.


Day Eight 19th May 2010

Zac is a funny man. I’ve never come across or even thought of combining words such as Geohackers, Biohackers, Geoenginees and Planetcrafters. I learnt that food is inevitable a necessary evil, that we simply can’t do without. SO interestingly Zac’s presentation took me through a quick brief of how we handle this crisis of shortage of food on one side of the earth while there are famines on the other. I think eating habits are related to too many factors to isolate. Most importantly, they are cultural which already tells me that it’s going to be ages before any change can happen.

Why is Innovation disruptive – because it challenges assumptions and creates hybrids?

I see this smile on my face and wonder what it’s about. I remember, we extracted DNA today! Apparently I was the chosen guinea pig. No complaints at all, it was simply fascinating to look at those clumps of strands move up into the alcohol. Just couldn’t stop myself from a mental movie that flashed most of my life in front of me. This one was a good kind of flash because it highlighted only what makes me ME.


Day Nine 20th May 2010

Everybody was sick today! The famous Bangalore weather is back again. Suddenly changed from harsh hot to romantic cool and put everyone into a drowsy influenza dominant mood. The day still goes on. I presented my abstract on the new organism I cooked up, along with everyone else and I must say when you put a bunch of people together and get them to ideate, something really good always comes out, even if it was thought of individually. Everyone had this more or less cool creature that was loaded with some wicked features. Like for example thermo sensitive bacteria that can generate heat to ward off anything you want or a booster organism that gives you all the energy you need whenever you need it and of course my organism that’s a super organism which is smart enough to copy other organism DNAs, take the best out of it and put it in its own!

I’m beaming with ideas, need to pen them down and do some permutations with the features I can give a living thing. This is more fun than I thought. I’m positively sure there’ll come a day when these creatures will be merrily living around us.



Day Ten 21st May 2010

The sickness continues. I’m not sure if this is coincidence of just plain irony. We’re all putting our heads together and working on microorganisms at the delicate cellular level and there’s this humorous virus that infects most of us, thinking it will pass off as a practical joke! Most of down with the flu but still made it.

Today’s class got me thinking in a direction I’ve mostly ignored in a while now. Yesterday’s exercise was to brainstorm on a machine that could or could not have a form or function or even purpose for that matter. Now here’s where I’d like to think that verbal communication is the least effective. How does one think of creating anything without having thought of something relative to previous understanding? No matter what you think of, however random or bizarre it will always have its roots somewhere in relation with what you have already heard, seen or experienced of. What is imagination? It’s an extension of some point of relevance, so no matter how far fledged you think, the idea or thought is going to have some kind of inspiration from something or the other. So how do we think of creating a machine that has a mechanism without purpose? Isn’t purpose relative, which means if a mechanism exists, then a purpose will follow... Now the argument is that a purpose is assigned to a mechanism and hence the purpose does not exist by itself. I partially agree with this since it does make complete sense but on the other hand that’s like a hen vs. egg statement. Yes I know that a purpose is assigned to a mechanism and so therefore if the mechanism does not exist then so doesn’t the purpose. But then again the mechanism DOES exist, so we can talk about hypothetical situations but at the end of the day this is what reality is, or at least is perceived by us. So the fact that there are chlorophyll cells converting sunlight energy into food as a mechanism, their purpose is to provide nutrition to the plant. Now this can be said to the general understanding of the purpose of the chlorophyll cell that is assigned by us but at the same time if you don’t consider that opinion, the purpose STILL REMAINS THE SAME.

Another statement that came up was the fact that if according to relativity anything has infinite purpose then it also has NO purpose. This will definitely suffice mathematically. I completely agree with how this is deduced and how it makes full sense. So here again there are different aspects to looking at it, which simply makes it perceptual understanding. If I stand at the north side of this discussion I see that purpose is nothing but a fragmental extension of an existent mechanism and from the south end its nothing but a perception of what is assigned to a function.

My conclusion: THERE IS NO DEFINITE EXPLANATION.

This brings me back to designing a machine that has function without purpose. The only one thing that I can think of which fits the bill without any biases, is DARK MATTER. We don’t really have too much understanding to this subject; some claim it’s still a hypothesis, therefore i think it’s a good ‘feature’ to base my machine on.

So for now, I’m going to retire with the thought of creating a machine that has no connection with what I already know. I seriously hope something pops up in my dreams because I don’t think I’m going to able to manage this otherwise.

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Day Eleven 24th May 2010

Somehow coincidences seem to be name of the game. I’ve been following a few recent developments in the field of Synthetic Biology and quite a few have been very significant, surprisingly coming together just when we are doing iGEM! Take for instance there was a recent article in the newspaper on how the DNA replaces the ‘chip’ followed by a nanorobotic Virus and to top it all off, Craig Ventor announces the first fully synthetic cell to be cultured! Now this is what I’ve been talking about for a while, very soon we’re going to have all our systems being run by living functions that can evolve. The thought really scares me but alongside that fear there is this futuristic view of how good things can be if only we can use this power constructively in a positive manner. Alas, that thought ends with a snigger, knowing there is no hope for something like that.

This completely synthetic cell is a baby of a computer! I’d like to relate this to Patricia Piccinni’s work of the hybrids she makes of future organisms. I’d really like to see what she could put together with a computer and a synthetic cell! In fact I’m going to try and do that myself. This cell also has a password that when cracked will reveal web addresses and email addresses and also names of the authors who put this organism together. This cell has great significance, like it can really help produce vaccines very quickly and so that in turn will help save many lives at the nick of time. It can also be used to clear up the massive oil spills that wipe out marine life. But here’s the catch, the kind of advanced technology can be misused by many to wipe out us humans all over again. I’ve always had this thought at the back of my head – we are always complaining about how we as humans are messing with nature and tearing it apart. How we are responsible for causing an imbalance by modifying and creating what would otherwise not happen ‘naturally’. Well here’s my thought, what if this was nature’s way of working? What if this is how nature planned to move evolution to the next step? What if nature knew that it could not bend its own rules so it evolved into the most sophisticated organism (Human Beings) that can eventually get the job done for it? What if nature could do only a certain amount of permutations with evolution and so we are its way out. Apparently, at this level of intelligence we are still using only 10% of the capacity of our brain, so what if nature has all this well planned out. It knows what’s headed its way and is very well prepared for it. And here we, the emotional beings that we are attach so much to this process and start categorizing it into ethics and morals and values and what not! A very long chain of thought follows these questions that contradict it in many ways because there are quite a number of different ways you can look at this. But all said and done I think I’m going to pursue these questions and start applying them wherever I possibly can just to see what answers I can get.

Stellarc, I’d like to say is one of those people who simply cannot see themselves living a mediocre life with materialistic possessions, so they get up, get out, and start mixing. I like some of his work and after a few of his reading s I can say he does think out of the box and experiments with almost anything which is good because variety does make things better. Orlan on the other hand is an artist I can probably never connect with. I think people like her are more or less society rejects. Allow me to explain. I think she has had some disturbing experience in her childhood or while growing up she simply did not fit in her environment repeatedly. At the same time she is not a kind of person who would express herself in a harsh manner since she is completely aware of the line that separates her from a lunatic and so this kind of art becomes her medium of expression. The pain she goes through helps subside her aggression, which of course she experiences in a very subtle and satisfying manner. I know these are purely judgemental but I’ve made these statements after trying to fit in her shoes as much as possible.


23rd June

When was the last time you ever read an Indian mythological story and asked your self – what if I can do that? Indian Mythology is known to be the most culturally rich, colourful, dramatic and at the same time metaphorically ambitious story, ever told. The numbers of different versions are more than the number of sarees that came off Draupadi! It’s like a roller coaster ride of emotions which at the end of every story brings in ‘balance’.

As an Artist and Designer, whenever I read an Indian mythological story I have to say it’s so cool because these are some stories that have characters that can pretty much do whatever they want! Isn’t that what we all want? To do whatever we like? And not have to worry about consequences? And just know that at the end of it all there will be balance? I think that’s some food for thought.

As a team, we first read through the most famous stories in Indian mythology, and then had a fascinating discussion with a learned scholar in mythology and history. Arshia (the scholar) helped us put our facts together in the most fun filled way which after a few drinks turned out to be a very satisfying knowledge-full night.

Our task now (which is the most interesting part) was to find links and parallels to any myth and use synthetic biology to fill the gap! I find that highly fascinating. SO we went through a few myths and as soon as we landed on Shiva’s third eye, there was a full stop. Shiva’s third eye is the destroyer, when he opens it; disaster is all over the place. So the last you want to do it tick him off. We took that in a metaphorical sense and thought about what if that third eye was a way for us to see when our real eyes are shut? So what if I had bacteria that could communicate with thoughts through neuron activity and when I’m wired up to a projector, it displays my thought in 3D space. Then communication would be in its most pure form since there is a lot of loss when converting thought to word or deed. Then what if I wired up to another person and started communicating with thought! Or if I left messages for someone on a platform and they could later wire up and receive it. But as usual there’s always a ‘BUT’, and the first one here is privacy. Privacy is by far the most delicate issue here. SO we kept this on hold for the time being and instead of looking at parts of a myth we moved away and looked at the Big Picture.

Collages.jpg

Main 2.JPG

The Holy Trinity – Brahma, the creator, Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the destroyer. These are the first and foremost gods that rule the heavens, earth and hell. As you’re reading this don’t those three words –creator, preserver and destroyer burst out of your imagination and find its way to synthetic biology? Well, that’s exactly what happened to us. So here’s our idea.

Collages2.jpg

In a over populated culture of bacteria. There is ‘imbalance’ since there more bacteria to eat than the nutrition available. So the ‘gods’ are summoned! The VISH-gene bacteria (the preserver) now gets into action by producing a chemical to which ONLY the SHIV-gene bacteria (the destroyer) can read. This then activates the SHIV-gene bacteria to in turn produce a chemical which start disrupting the bacterial cells in the colony. The ‘gods’ bacteria are of course resistant to this chemical. The SHIV-gene bacteria once activated has no control over killing the other cells. So once he has destroyed ample number of cells, he needs to be stopped, which ONLY the BRAHM-gene can do. So now the VISH-gene bacteria produces another chemical which ONLY the BRAHM-gene bacteria can read and this in turn activates the BRAHM-gene bacteria to produce a chemical to deactivate the SHIV-gene bacteria. Now there’s been too many bacteria killed so after a while of reproduction the optimum level is reached and ‘balance’ is restored. The subjects are happy and so are the gods. Soon after reproduction hastens up and there is over population again so the whole process is initiated making it a loop.

Main 1.JPG

BRAHM-gene bacteria are identified with the presence of the BRAHM-gene. When the BBRAHM- gene replicates it does not transfer it’s genetic material completely, instead it retains one part of the gene, so the other bacteria now is the VISH-gene bacteria. When the BRAHM-gene bacteria replicates for the second time it does not transfer the BRAHM-gene at all making the new organism the SHIV-gene.

We’d like to think that this mythological concept, besides being fascinating will definitely find its way to a good purpose in the world of Synthetic Biology. So wait up until then.